American College of Surgeons, Committee on Trauma, National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB). http://www.facs.org/trauma/ntdb. Accessed May 12, 2016.

Braver ER, Trempel RE. Are older drivers actually at higher risk of involvement in collisions resulting in deaths or nonfatal injuries among their passengers and other road users? Inj Prev 2004;10:27–29.

Bulger EM, Arenson MA, Mock CN, et al. Rib fractures in the elderly. J Trauma 2000;48: 1040–1046.

Li C, Friedman B, Conwell Y, et al. Validity of the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) in identifying major depression in older people. J Am Geriatr Soc 2007 April;55(4):596–602.

Milzman DP, Rothenhaus TC. Resuscitation of the geriatric patient. Emerg Med Clin of NA. 1996; 14:233–244. 

Min L, Burruss S, Morley E, et al. A simple clinical risk nomogram to predict mortality-associated geriatric complications in severely injured geriatric patients J Trauma 74(4):1125–1132. Copyright © 2013 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Oyetunji TA, Chang DC, et al. Redefining hypotension in the elderly: normotension is not reassuring. Arch Surg. 2011 Jul ;146(7):865-9.

Romanowski KS, Barsun A, Pamlieri TL, et al. Frailty score on admission predicts outcomes in elderly burn injury. J Burn Care Res 2015;36:1–6.

Stevens JA. Fatalities and injuries from falls among older adults—United States 1993–2003 and 2001–2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2006; 55:1221–1224.

Sussman M, DiRusso SM, Sullivan T, et al. Traumatic brain injury in the elderly: increased mortality and worse functional outcome at discharge despite lower injury severity. J Trauma 2002; 53:219–224.

United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2015). World Population Ageing.

United States Census: http://www.census.gov/ prod/1/pop/p25-1130.pdf . Accessed June 2016.

Yelon JA. Geriatric trauma. In Moore EE, Feliciano DV, and Mattox K, eds. Trauma 7th ed. McGraw Hill, 2012.